Strategic Food and Beverage Management †Free Samples to Students

Question: Talk about the Strategic Food and Beverage Management. Answer: Presentation In light of the menu for the Tandori Spice Restaurant that is accessible on their site, it is very clear that it has empowered the lodging to not just viably plan for the different staples for their customers however it has additionally empowered it to get fruitful through compelling food just as drink activities in the accommodation business (Hyun Perdue, 2017). The significant reason for this assignment is to audit a menu for the Tandori Spice café, an outlet that bargains in different kinds of nourishments and drinks which are offered at various costs. In view of the menu audit that is accessible from the site of the Tandori Spice Restaurant, it is very obvious that the association is quick to give food and refreshment to people who are feasting all alone just as to families, partners, and even companions since they have the absolute best settings. The firm urges potential clients to visit them with the goal that they can have important and stunning eating encounters offered in i mpeccable settings (Noone, Enz Glassmire, 2017). In light of the site of the Tandori Spice Restaurant, it is very clear that the firm is excited about promoting its administrations using various online life stages which are Facebook, Instagram and even on Google. A Review of the Tandori Spice Restaurant and the Identification of its Current Menu Concepts Tandori Spice café offers its clients a wide scope of nourishments and refreshments and among them incorporate fish, chicken, vegetables, Naan breads, and Samosas. An Identification and assessment of things, the groupings of the menu, the assortment of the things and their healthy benefits The menu at this café is arranged under fish, veggie lover curries, Biriyanis, Accompaniments, Salads, Naan Breads, Rice, Deserts, and, chicken curries, sheep curries, hamburger curries, and drinks. On the left piece of the Tandoris Spice eatery, the eat in contains different offers a these incorporate among others the remove, wine list, lunch, gourmet expert extraordinary, and capacities. The inn additionally offers it clients a chance to book their tables and furthermore a meal menu. So as to book their tables, customers have the quantity of the outlet on the site where they can call (Dev, Hamilton Rust, 2017). The ID of potential issues in Tandori Spice Restaurant Menu Design One potential issue is the absence of the outlet to illuminate their customers where the eatery is found and how they can arrive. Notwithstanding that, the menu doesn't have the pictorial picture on how the inn looks like to make buyers or clients perceive how it is (Raguseo, Neirotti Paolucci, 2017). A proposition for an Alternative Menu Concept for Tandori Spice Restaurants menu idea An elective idea for the Tandori Spice eatery menu idea ought to guarantee that any dinner offered by the outlet has a fair eating routine. This is very basic since it will try to guarantee that any customer visiting the outlet is blessed to receive a feast that has a decent eating routine (Wood, 2018). Additionally, it is likewise essential to guarantee that the menu on the site has the image or photos of the outlet to cause the individuals who to have never been there to see it and need to visit it. A Justification behind the proposed upgrading of Tandori Spice Restaurants Menu The upgrading of the menu won't just guarantee that customers or clients at the outlets are blessed to receive rich dinners yet in addition those which have a fair eating routine. Notwithstanding that, having photographs of the outlet will make interest for potential customers who have never had a chance to visit it (Baek Ok, 2017). The upgrading of the Menu through production of the Blueprint FOOD DESCRIPTION Cost IN USDS Beekaneri Samosa: Mellow Prepared and sauted blend of peas, potatoes and onions filled in triangular baked good. LF $ 9.90 (2pc) Vegatable Samosa: Medium Prepared and sauted blend of potatoes and flavors filled in triangular baked good, presented with mint sauce. LF $ 8.90 (3pc) Onion Bhaji: Mellow - Medium Cut onions covered with fiery player, fresh singed, presented with tamarind sauce. GF/LF $ 8.90 (4pc) Vegetable Pakoras: Medium Occasional vegetables and spinach fresh singed in a light player presented with tamarind sauce. GF/LF $ 8.90 (4pc) Blended Vegetable Platter: Mellow - Medium One bit of Samosas, Pakoras and Onion Bhaji presented with Tamarind Chutney and Mint Sauce. GF/LF $ 9.90 (3pc) Prawn Pakoras: Gentle Prawns with tails in a fresh hot hitter singed presented with mint chutney. GF/LF $ 9.90 (4pc) Fish Fry: Gentle Delicious 3D shapes of fish, marinated, southern style, presented with mint chutney. GF/LF $ 10.90 (4pc) Sizzling Chicken Tikka: Gentle Boneless bits of chicken marinated with ginger, yogurt, flavors, cooked in Tandoor, presented with mint chutney and plate of mixed greens. GF/LF $ 16.90 ( 6 Pc ) $ 9.90 ( 3 Pc ) Seekh Kebab: Medium Minced sheep mixed with sweet-smelling flavors and new herbs, cooked in Tandoor, presented with mint chutney. GF/LF $ 16.90 ( 6 Pc ) $ 9.90 ( 3 Pc ) Baked Chicken: Mellow marinated chicken pieces on bones, cooked in Tandoor presented with mint chutney and plate of mixed greens. GF $ 16.90 (6 Pc) $ 9.90 (3 Pc) Blended Tandoori Platter: Mellow Medium Baked Chicken, Chicken Tikka and seekh kebab presented with mint chutney and plate of mixed greens. GF $ 17.90 (6 Pc) $ 10.90 (3 Pc) Amritsari Fish Tikka: Medium Delicious blocks of fish, carefully marinated, cooked in Tandoor, presented with mint chutney, lemon wedges and plate of mixed greens. LF $ 21.90 (6 Pc) $ 12.90 (3 Pc) Lahori Fish: Medium marrinated fish filet, southern style, presented with serving of mixed greens and mint chutney. GF $ 11.90 (3pc) $ 20.90 (6pc) Papadums: with mint sauce/mango chutney/mint chutney. GF/LF $ 5.50 Naan breads: If you don't mind check naan bread area. Sheep Shanks: Medium Colorful dish cooked in valid indian style. GF/LF $ 25.00 Duck Curry: Medium Duck legs cooked in outlandish tomatoes and onion based sauce. GF/LF $ 25.00 Goat curry: Medium Diced goat with bones in an enhanced sauce of onions, tomatoes, garam masala, turmeric and cumin. GF/LF $ 18.50 Pork Masala: Medium Diced pork cooked in ginger, garlic, tomatoes, onion, flavors. GF/LF $ 19.90 Pork Vindaloo: Hot Diced pork with unstable hot sauce. GF/LF $ 19.50 Fish Curry: Medium prawns with tails and fish filet cooked in onions, tomatoes based sauce. GF/LF $ 21.90 Prawn Basil and malai Curry: Mellow Prawn curry cooked in rich sauce with basil leaves. GF $ 19.90 Prawn masala: Mellow Prawns hurled in new tomato, onion sauce. GF/LF $ 19.90 Malabar shrimp curry: Mellow Shrimps with tamarind, coconut cream, fennel seeds and curry leaf sauce. GF/LF $ 19.90 Prawn Sambal: Medium Australian prawns hurled in zesty sauce mixed with new tomato, onions and flavors. GF/LF $ 21.50 Prawn Vindaloo: Hot Prawns with dangerous hot tart sauce. GF/LF $ 21.50 Prawn Jalfrezi: Medium prawns hurled in onions and tomatoes based sauce got done with carrots, beans. GF/LF $ 21.50 Barramundi Masala: Medium Barramundi filets cooked in tomatos, onion based sauce with new capsicum and spring onions. GF/LF $ 18.90 Prawn Malabar: Medium shrimps cooked with coconut milk and tamarind based sauce. GF/LF $ 21.90 Gohan Curry: Medium Baramandi filets cooked with fascinating sauce. GF/LF $ 21.90 Fish Madras: Gentle/Medium fish filet cooked with coconut milk, stew, curry leaves based sauce. GF/LF $ 18.90 Fish Malabar: Medium Barinated filet cooked with coconut milk and red stew. GF/LF $ 20.90 Gohan Fish: Gentle/Medium Baramandi filets cooked with fascinating sauce. GF/LF $ 21.50 Kerala Fish: Medium Hot Barramundi cooked in tomatoes, chime pepper, hot tart sauce and coconut cream. GF/LF $ 21.50 Blended vegetable curry: Gentle New privately developed blended vegetables stewed in rich tomato, onion sauce. GF $ 14.50 Vegetable Korma: Gentle New blended vegetables cooked with cashew and rich sauce. GF $ 14.50 Malai Kofta: Gentle Home made cheddar balls, cooked with rich cashew and capsicum sauce. GF $ 13.50 Mushroom Mattar Masala: Medium Mushrooms and peas hurled with tomato, onion, cumin, turmeric and new herbs. GL $ 13.50 Mattar Paneer Masala: Medium Diced paneer and peas with rich masala sauce. GF $ 13.50 Shahi Paneer: Gentle Diced curds in a velvety, cardamon, tomato and cashew sauce. G $ 13.50 Palak Paneer: Gentle Curds hurled in a mellow and tart sauce of spinach, cream, fennel seeds and coriander leaves. G $ 12.90 Spread Paneer: Gentle Diced curds with tomatoes, cream based sauce injected with capsicum and fenugreek leaves. GF $ 13.50 Bombay Aloo: Medium Diced potatoes with anardana powder, onion tomatoes and new hacked coriander sauce. GF/LF $ 12.50 Capsicum and eggplant Bhartha: Medium Capsicum and eggplant blend broiled in Tandoor, cooked in a rich sauce of tomato, onion, new herbs. GL $ 12.50 Blended vegetable Curry: Medium Occasional blended vegetables stewed in an enhanced and ric

Minimum Wage is a frequent topic of political debate. Analyze the pros Essay

The lowest pay permitted by law is a continuous subject of political discussion. Examine the upsides and downsides of such an arrangement utilizing the pertinent hypothetical - Essay Example This made it a necessity of all states to set this as their lowest pay permitted by law limit yet this doesn't make it required on the grounds that a few states display varieties of this set least. A few states, similar to California, have higher restrictions of this compensation, which is at $8.00 while others, similar to Georgia, have wage constrains beneath that government limit at $5.15 every hour. These distinctions are made conceivable, by the civil and state laws, which make it conceivable, for singular states to set their own lowest pay permitted by law confines by practicing their entitlement to order their own by laws. This empowers them to decide the constraint of the lowest pay permitted by law, concerning the monetary capability of that a given state since it would not bode well to coordinate the lowest pay permitted by law with a rich state as far as assets. This is a logical conversation about the focal points and detriments of the lowest pay permitted by law arrangeme nt in the United States of America utilizing a hypothetical build approach. The lowest pay permitted by law from a financial specialists see is disadvantageous to the market arrangement of interest and flexibly. This is on the grounds that when the lowest pay permitted by law is raised the quantity of individuals competing for that activity position increment, however the employer’s ability to offer the position diminishes in light of the fact that it is an expansion in costs as far as compensations. In this situation, managers would prefer to designate the obligations to be filled, by the new situation to existing representatives, than extending to the employment opportunity position. Then again, if the lowest pay permitted by law were decreased, it would offer managers a chance to make more openings for work in associations since they can bear to do as such. This would rely upon the measure of the pay set on the grounds that a lowest pay permitted by law of $1 every hour wo uld not draw in anybody, yet understudy laborers could consider a $4 every hour. Setting up the lowest pay permitted by law upset the working of flexibly and request framework since it directs what businesses should pay, rather than letting the two elements normalize the field all alone. Market variables of interest and gracefully oversee the number and kind of occupations accessible along what each activity classification would pay (Schmidt, 19). Expanding the lowest pay permitted by law denies a gathering of youthful Americans the genuinely necessary life exercises, which can be procured when one works the lowest pay permitted by law work. This is on the grounds that these occupations are well known with understudies, laborers in preparing and understudies, which help them, learn right off the bat in life how to deal with cash and relate with individuals in various conditions (Schmidt, 16). They ingrain the estimations of difficult work, obligation and difficult work right off the bat in their lives and persuade them to try to head off to college and secure propelled aptitudes, which can empower them show signs of improvement paying employments later on. Raising the lowest pay permitted by law lessens the quantity of these sorts of occupations since managers won't extend to these employment opportunity positions in view of expanded pay rates. This will mean the rise of an age of Americans who have no an incentive for difficult work and duty, which would be inconvenient to the economy of the nation. It implies that the greater part of the American culture later on will come up short on a main thrust that is basic in teaching hard working attitudes that are essential to an energetic economy described by a work power that knows and comprehends the advantages of difficult work. An expansion in the lowest pay permitted by law will bring about a reduction of openings for work that offer significant experience that is an essential in practically all well paying and invigorating occupations in America. New participants into

How Heroin Is Taken and Its Effects

How Heroin Is Taken and Its Effects Addiction Drug Use Heroin Print The Various Ways Heroin Is Taken By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 13, 2019 John Rensten / Getty Images More in Addiction Drug Use Heroin Cocaine Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Heroin is a highly addictive drug that is used in various ways. In addition to the classic injection method, it can be snorted, sniffed, and smoked, depending mainly on the purity of the drug and the preference of the user. Heroin can be injected into a vein or a muscle. It can be smoked in a pipe or mixed with a marijuana joint or a regular cigarette. Its smoke can be inhaled through a straw, a process known as chasing the dragon. As a powder, it can be snorted.?? People who inject heroin feel the effects the quickest. When heroin is mainlined, people can usually begin to experience a feeling of euphoria within seven to eight seconds. When it is smoked, people will typically feel its peak effects in 10 to 15 minutes. Research suggests that injection is the route of administration chosen by about half of people who use heroin.?? Heroin Is a Highly Addictive Drug No Matter How Its Taken The higher purity heroin that can be snorted or smoked also appeals to  people who have just started taking heroin and who may be leery  of injection drug use, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse.?? Injection users of heroin generally have a higher rate of addiction or dependence on the drug compared with those who snort or smoke it.?? Injection users tend to use more often and develop a tolerance to the drug more quickly. No matter how heroin is usedâ€"injected, snorted, or smokedâ€"it is highly addictive, due in part to the development of tolerance to the drug which requires greater dosages to achieve the same results. Heroin: Everything You’ve Been Afraid to Ask The Rush Is Greater for Injection Users Shortly after injecting heroin, people report that they feel a surge or rush of euphoria, dry mouth, a warm flushing of the skin, and heaviness in the extremities.?? After this initial euphoric feeling, people will enter a state that alternates between drowsiness and wakefulness, during which mental functioning becomes hazy. Those who snort or smoke heroin may not feel the intense rush that injection users feel but will experience the same other effects. Traditionally, the majority of people seeking treatment for heroin abuse were injecting the drug, but the availability of pure heroin has created a shift toward sniffing and smoking the drug, particularly among young people. The Ritual of Injecting Heroin The process of getting heroin ready to inject can become a ritual for those who choose to mainline the drug. Just as how carrying, lighting, and holding a cigarette becomes a part of the ritual for people who use tobacco, getting ready to shoot heroin can also become very ritualistic.?? Heroin comes in a powder or tar-like form so in its natural state it cannot be directly injected into the body, it must be changed into liquid form first. Typically, heroin is placed into a spoon and mixed with liquid and heated. Citric acid is sometimes used because it helps break down the heroin. The heroin, citric acid, and water are heated in the spoon using a lighter or candle until it becomes liquefied. Some people will place a cigarette filter or a tightly rolled up ball of cotton into the spoon and let it absorb the liquid. They will then draw the liquid into a syringe through the filter to eliminate impurities. People will then tie a belt or shoelace around the upper arm to cause their veins to stand out, just as phlebotomist does with a tourniquet when drawing blood for medical testing. When the process has become a ritual, people will begin by laying out their works on displayâ€"the heroin, syringe, spoon, lighter, filter or cotton, belt, citric acid, water, and alcohol swabsâ€"and placed in order of use. The alcohol swab is used to clean the spoon and the place of injection on the body. Most people begin by injecting heroin in the arm because it is the easiest method, but as their veins collapse or become damaged, they will inject into other areasâ€"behind the knees, between the toes, or in the neck.?? Consequences of Using Heroin Heroin overdoses depress heart rate and breathing. People who have overdosed must be rescued by medical personnel or they may die. Tolerance and physical dependence on the drug develop  swiftly, with withdrawal symptoms when the drug is not taken. Addiction can follow, with seeking and using the drug becoming the primary focus of an individuals life. People who inject drugs, including heroin, are at high risk for HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C.?? But those who smoke or snort heroin are also at increased risk of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis because they are more likely to have unprotected sex while under the influence. Women who use heroin during pregnancy pass the drug to their fetus through the placenta, causing the baby to be born dependent on the drug and resulting in neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).?? They also have a risk of spontaneous abortion during pregnancy. How Heroin Use Affects Your Health

The Old Age Assistance Program For The Elderly - 1754 Words

Knowledge Centuries ago, many poor elderly people lived in Almshouses because their families were unable to take care of them due to the Civil War. Once the quality of the Almshouses declined the government became involved with providing support for the homes. In 1935, they became long-term care facilities or private skilled nursing homes. These homes continued to provide assistance for the aging populations and disabled (The Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, 2015). In 1950, these facilities were required to be licensed by the state to be able to participate in the Old age assistance program for the elderly. Nurses are a crucial part of these LTC facilities, providing one on one care for each resident in the home. Sometimes these†¦show more content†¦There are five areas of services that are important to the functioning of patients with their continual independence. Medical care, mental health services, social support, residential amenities and hospice services are all must to have skilled nurses and can to assist. Nurses that work at Long term care facilities typically have a larger patient load than nurses that work in hospitals. They have patients with multiple levels of conditions ranging from dementia, to wound care, stroke and neurological disorders. They can obtain various amounts of experience in different levels of care, but are in jeopardy of fatigue (Tummers, Groeneveld, Lankhaar, 2013). Having few nurses working creates an overwhelming atmosphere for the nurses and they become stressed and overworked. There is very little training and education that nurses in LTC facilities receive which can inhibit their growth and create a feeling of unworthiness. LTC care nurseà ¢â‚¬â„¢s salary is not comparable to those in a hospital setting for more patient work load. Leaders lack the exceptional leadership skills required to help the facility operate smoothly (Coomber Barriball 2007 Comprehension Organizational structures used by long term care facilities are vertical structures. They are popular with nursing homes because LTC facilities have several employees that perform comparable responsibilities (Schedler, 2014). Global Nursing Home Health, Inc., follows the verticalShow MoreRelatedEvolution of Programs and Services for Aging Populations Over the Last Fifty Years864 Words   |  4 PagesEvolution of Programs and Services for Aging Populations Over the Last Fifty Years The objective of this study is to examine the evolution of programs and services for aging population over the last fifty years. Toward this end, this brief study will conduct a review of literature that addresses these shifts and changes in policy. 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Moral Issues And Sustaining Them - 1522 Words

Janette Velasquez Apr. 29, 2017 English III Bouillion 11.4 Moral Issues and Sustaining them Persona: American journalist and author, New York Times writer, and national correspondent Intent: A look at the ethical dilemmas that healthcare professionals face daily Genre: Science and medical ethics, non-fiction, nursing Subject: The Cost of care, Quantity of life versus quality Audience: Health practitioners, scholars who are intrigued by the practice of clinical medicine and the medical ethics that follow, people with Orthodox beliefs and religious views Context: Clinton presidency and the Clinton Healthcare Reform Act of 1993 The author of First, Do No Harm (1993), also known as Lisa Belkin, is an American journalist and a New York†¦show more content†¦The Committee has twenty-three members that consists of doctors from various areas of expertise who decide the ethics, money arrangements, and the fate of five patients throughout the book. Taylor and Jake, the opening patients that display how the Committee operates, is a pair of fraternal twins with underdeveloped lungs. The twins were born with complications, Jake especially, â€Å"his umbilical cord was wrapped twice around his neck† (25). Eventually Jake did not pull through, leaving Taylor to fend for herself. Second to the committee’s list of patients is Patrick Dismuke a fifteen-year-old boy, with Ricschsprung’s disease, born without the intestinal cells that help digest food, because of this a central IV line was placed to feed him. Which soon le ad to his biggest problem. The central IV line, gets infected and must be replaced, requiring a very risky surgery. Patrick prolongs death for as long as possible, â€Å"Pat, do you not want to talk about dying’† (46). The committee must decide whether to meet Patrick’s wishes and proceed with the surgery with money being a major problem. 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Difference Between Religion and Spirituality Free Essays

This paper draws from six published works that deal with psychological and scholarly research on religion and spirituality. The works vary in their definitions and use of the concepts and terminology of religion and spirituality. Hood et al. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference Between Religion and Spirituality or any similar topic only for you Order Now (2009) suggest that that social scientists have traditionally been able to make a distinction between religion and spirituality in their research. However, other psychologists contend that the definitions overlap. Therefore, the conceptual and operational definitions have been inconsistently used. This paper examines Hood et al. 2009) research in relationship to other works to suggest that a definitive definition of religion and spirituality should be developed and agreed upon to advance the science of religion. Keywords: religion, spirituality In order to explore the differences between religion and spirituality one must attempt to define these terms. However, religion and spirituality are complex concepts not easily or definitively definable; at least not universally. Their meanings have changed over the course of time. At times they have been used synonymously. Yet, at other times religion and spirituality are considered distinct concepts having no overlap. A Study on Religion and the Role of It on People and Media†¦. iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/a-study-on-religion-and-the-role-of-it-on-people-and-media/embed/#?secret=K0B3VQCsPT" data-secret="K0B3VQCsPT" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;A Study on Religion and the Role of It on People and Media†¦.#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe Furthermore, religion and spirituality are sometimes viewed as if one encompasses the other. It seems to simply be a matter of opinion; who is defining religion, when and for what purpose. To compound this quandary, social Science research suggests that lay people, religious and psychological educators and researchers define religion and spirituality inconsistently. This makes it particularly difficult for the scientific world to even compare research findings on religion and or spirituality. Religion and spirituality are complex and diverse cultural phenomenon. Hood, Hill, and Spilka (2009), stated â€Å"†¦what one person is sure to call religious may be far removed from another person’s understanding, especially when we begin to analyze religion across traditions and cultures† (p. 7). Western societies (especially in the United States) in the not too distant past, typically define religion as an institutionalized set of beliefs and rituals about God that is experienced and or practiced collectively. Conversely, other regions of the world (including eastern Asia) may define religion as encompassing multiple Gods or even no Gods (e. . ungodly supernatural entities) (Hood, et al. , 2009). Hood et al. , (2009) contend that Americans now use the term spirituality in place of religion. Nelson (2009), agrees with Hood et al. , that spirituality has become a synonym for religion. According to Nelson (2009), religion traditionally referred to all aspects of a human’s search for and relationship to a divine or transcendent (something greater than ourselves). Using the terminology of religion and spirituality interchangeably may be common practice but it doesn’t mean that they mean the same things. Like religion, spirituality has been defined in a myriad of ways. In ancient times spirituality was associated with the Hebrew Christian traditions (Ottaway, 2003). Through the 19th century spirituality was often considered to be synonymous with spiritualism. Spiritualism referred to contact with spirits, the supernatural, and psychic phenomena (Nelson, 2009). Hence, spirituality was considered negatively up until the 21st century. According to Nelson (2009), presently â€Å"the term is often used to denote the experiential and personal side of our relationship to the transcendent or sacred† (p. ). Nelson suggests that the people who use this definition tend to view religion as a distinct narrow concept. They typically define religion as â€Å"the organizational structures, practices, and beliefs of a religious group†, (Nelson, 2009, p. 8). The rise in popularity of spirituality in the last two decades has exaggerated the distinction and or lack of distinction between r eligion and spirituality. Whereas, some modern Americans use the terms interchangeably, others (especially those who abhor mainstream religions and all they are associated with) do not. The latter group might prefer to say that they are â€Å"spiritual but not religious†, (Zinnbauer, et al. , 1997). Conversely, people who unknowingly embrace Epstein’s (1993, 1994) Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory (CEST) may view spirituality and religion as distinct concepts that are nonetheless related (Hill, 1999). I believe that religion and spirituality can be two distinct concepts but that currently the line between the two is too blurry to be able to distinguish one from the other. One could experience religion without experiencing spirituality (e. g. teenager forced to attend church but merely going through the motions). On the other hand, one could also experience spirituality (e. g. a sense of â€Å"awe† in the presence of nature or enlightenment during meditation) in the absence of religion. Additionally, one could experience both spirituality and religion in the context of the other. For example, one could meditate communally with others in an insti tutional setting (typical of a religious experience) and experience spirituality. Another example is that one could attend church (typical of a religious experience) and meditate individually during the church service. At this point in time, religion and spirituality overlap in a plethora of ways. Each can have a reverence to a God, Gods, or a higher supernatural power or powers. Likewise, religion and spirituality can each have private, public, personal, communal, conscious, unconscious, tangible, intangible, subjective and objective components to them. One difference between spirituality and religion is that â€Å"spirituality does not require an institutional framework†, (Hood, et al, 2009, p. 11). Another difference is that religion does not require communal practices (e. g. an elderly invalid can religiously pray at home). My views on religion and spirituality are that of a layperson and an aspiring psychologist and are indubitably confusing. However, my view doesn’t seem to differ substantially from others (laypersons, religious professionals and scholars, and social science professionals and researchers), as a finite definition for religion or spirituality is nonexistent (Zinnbauer et al. , 2010; Hood et al. , 2009, Nelson, 2009). According to Hood et al. (2009), a traditional distinction exists between religion and spirituality in the research literature, therefore the two terms are not used synonymously. Hood et al. (2009) explains that spirituality is viewed as personal and psychological, while religion is viewed as institutional and sociological. Basically, Hood et al. (2009), contends that religion is steeped in tradition and institution, whereas, spirituality has to do with a person’s personal beliefs, values and behaviors. This definition seems to be consistent with how religion and spirituality were defined between the 19th and 21st centuries. However, it should be noted, that Hood et al. 2009) also, later state that â€Å"in fact it is safe to say that even we three authors of this text do not fully agree with each other about the meaning of these terms† (p. 11). To compound matters, other psychologists suggest that religion and spirituality are used inconsistently in the research literature. Zinnbauer et al, (1997) argue that although social scientists have attempted to define, study, and theorize about religion and spirituality, they have done so inconsistently . â€Å"Still, the ways in which the words are conceptualized an used are often inconsistent in the research literature† (p. 549). According to Bender (2007) religion has been associated with a formal or institutional system and expression of belief and practices that is corporate, public, and conscious in scholarly studies. Conversely, spirituality has been defined as individual, private and unconscious, (Bender, 2007). Due to the inconsistencies in the definitions and use of religion and spirituality a pilot study was conducted to ascertain how religious professionals defined and evaluated religion and spirituality. The 2006 study conducted by Corine Hyman and Paul Handal at Saint Louis University in Missouri included Imans, Ministers, Priests, and Rabbis. These religious experts were asked to conceptually define religion and spirituality and to identify if there were any overlaps between the two. The study findings indicate that there were overlaps between the two concepts. However, religion was defined in a traditional sense of objective, institutional and ritualistic and spirituality was defined as subjective, internal and divine or transcendent (Hyman Handal , 2006). Another study, this time conducted at the Maryland University, attempted to discern how lay people define religion and spirituality and how they make distinctions between the two. The participants in this study consisted of sixty-seven adults aged 61 to 93 who lived in three different retirement communities (Schlehofer, Omoto, A. M. , Adelman, 2008). The research findings indicate that the participants were better able to define religion concretely, than they were able to define spirituality. â€Å"In fact, some participants were not able to define spirituality at all†, (Schlehofer et al. , 2008). The afore mentioned studies illustrate that defining religion and spirituality is an ongoing task and not easily surmountable. This of course, makes the task of operationally defining religion and spirituality even harder. According to Bender (2007), spirituality is typically measured by asking questions about psychological well-being, experience, and self-identification; while religion is measured by questions about activities and doctrine. Although, many operational definitions have been developed and used to measure religion and spirituality, how does one actually know what one is measuring if the thing(s) that one is measuring is not clearly defined? CONCLUSIONS and Future Study: Ergo, in order to try to understand how religion and or spirituality affect all aspects of a person’s life, it is prudent for the scientific community to agree on what it is that they are actually researching. Once, the terms are defined and agreed upon, then they can operationally define each term. Only then, can psychologists more confidently conduct research and analysis to understand the true effects of religion and spirituality and make comparisons about those findings. ReferencesBender, C. (2007). Religion and Spirituality: History, Discourse, Measurement. Retrieved from http://religion.ssrc.org/reforum/Bender.pdf   Hill, P. C. (1999). Giving religion away: What the study of religion offers psychology. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 94(4), 229-249. Hood, R. W., Hill, P. C., Spilka, B. (2009). The Psychology of Religion, 2, 7-11. Hyman, C., Handal, P. J. (2006). Definitions and evaluation of religion and spirituality items by religious professionals: A pilot study. Journal of Religion and Health, 45(2), 264-282. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10943-006-9015-zNelson, J. M. (2009). Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality. Introduction to Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality. Retrieved from http://ucelinks.cdlib.org:8888/sfx_local/img/sfxmenu/dl_logo_1024.png Schlehofer, M. M., Omoto, A. M. and Adelman, J. R. (2008). How do â€Å"religion† and â€Å"spirituality† differ? Lay Defintions among Older Adults. Jo urnal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 47: 411-425. Zinnbauer, B. J., Pargament, K. I., Cole, B., Rye, M.S., Butter, E. M., Belavich, T.G., Hipp, K. M., Scott, A. B., Kadar, J. L. (1997). Religion and Spirituality: Unfuzzing the Fuzzy. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 36 (4). Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1387689    How to cite Difference Between Religion and Spirituality, Papers

Poetry Analysis Essays - The Flea, John Donne, Flea, Poetry Analysis

Poetry Analysis The poem, The Flea by John Donne is perhaps simply the seventeenth century's version of a commonplace pickup line. However, in today's society it offers a comical and conceivably ingenious if not simply creative method of wooing a fine, honorable lady into your bed. In overview, the poem is set with a young lady and her suitor. Conveniently, just as this gentleman is attempting to convince the object of his affection to sleep with him, a flea comes along and proceeds to bite him. The flea then bites his lady friend and the speaker finds the perfect guise for his argument. He tells the woman that they have already exchanged blood within the little flea, and that an exchange in the form of sex is no less honorable. At the point where Donne begins a new stanza, the speaker has moved beyond talking of the flea as their union and has begun to build an entire world within the flea. This world is one in which their physical love is realized, also with mention of marriage vows. But by the end of this stanza, his ladylove has had enough of her suitor's nonsense and somehow threatens to kill the flea. To this, the speaker reacts that killing the flea will carry three sins: murder, for killing his blood; suicide, for killing her own blood, a sacrilege, in going against the union that he deems was meant to be. But, alas, by the third stanza the woman has killed the flea and the gentleman begins to lament. As he complain about what the flea could possibly have done to deserve this, the woman counters by saying that she does not feel remorse for killing the flea, or for that much, their union. The speaker then changes his approach entirely and ends the poem by saying that having sex with him would be no less honorable than killing that flea. Donne uses a variety of methods in order to set the poem the way he wanted. The poem itself is a closed-form poem, with each stanza following the pattern AABBCCDDD. This offers a set style to the poem with being singsong, such as the form ABAB. Also, the somewhat different style of the last three lines, being that they all rhyme and that they are shifted to the right, indicates lines in which the speaker seems to get most desperate (and whiny). In other words, his pleas to the lady appear in these last three lines of each stanza and they seem to summarize his arguments. Donne uses many metaphors throughout the poem, most having to do with the flea itself. One example of this use of metaphor concerning the flea is the line in which he says, "This flea is you and I..." This method of using metaphors is what the entire poem is about. Without comparing the flea to such things as their marriage bed, this suitor would have no line for his lady at all. The metaphors add a comical aspect, for those who have a sense of humor, in that he is able to compare all of these complicated, universal concepts to a flea. In conjunction with Donne's use of metaphors, symbolism is equally important and equally abundant. The use of the flea as a symbol seems to be divided by the stanzas. In the first stanza, the flea is a symbol of the union between this man and woman. In the second stanza, the speaker expands the symbol to make the flea the entire world in which the union of their love physically exists. Finally in the third stanza, after the woman has crushed the flea without another thought, the flea becomes a symbol of the triviality of her concerns that through losing her innocence, she will also lose her honor. Besides symbols, Donne spreads some imagery throughout the poem. A prime example of this would be the visual imagery incurred by the line, "And cloistered in these walls of living jet". This line immediately brings to mind a small, dark, secretive place such as that within the flea. However, imagery is not widely used in this poem, which helps to keep it light, on a superficial level. Without sinking deep into the imagery,